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結構定義
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CREATE TABLE
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創建新表。
語法：
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sql-command ::=
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CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE table-name (
column-def [, column-def]*
[, constraint]*
)
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sql-command ::=
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CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE [database-name.] table-name AS select-statement
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column-def ::=
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name [type] [[CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint]*
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type ::=
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typename |
typename ( number ) |
typename ( number , number )
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column-constraint ::=
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NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ] |
PRIMARY KEY [sort-order] [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |
DEFAULT value |
COLLATE collation-name
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constraint ::=
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PRIMARY KEY ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ]
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conflict-clause ::=
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ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm
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CREATE VIEW
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創建一個視圖（虛擬表），該表以另一種方式表示一個或多個表中的資料。
語法：
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sql-command ::=
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CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW [database-name.] view-name AS select-statement
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例子：
CREATE VIEW master_view AS
SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='view';
說明：
創建一個名為master_view的視圖，其中包括sqlite_master這個表中的所有視圖表。
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CREATE TRIGGER
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創建觸發器，觸發器是一種特殊的存儲過程，在使用者試圖對指定的表執行指定的資料修改語句時自動執行。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ]
database-event ON [database-name .] table-name
trigger-action
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sql-statement ::=
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CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF
database-event ON [database-name .] view-name
trigger-action
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database-event ::=
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DELETE |
INSERT |
UPDATE |
UPDATE OF column-list
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trigger-action ::=
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[ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN expression ]
BEGIN
trigger-step ; [ trigger-step ; ]*
END
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trigger-step ::=
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update-statement | insert-statement |
delete-statement | select-statement
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例子：
CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name;
END;
說明：
創建了一個名為update_customer_address的觸發器，當用戶更新customers表中的address欄位時，將觸發並更新orders表中的address欄位為新的值。
比如執行如下一條語句：
UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones';
資料庫將自動執行如下語句：
UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones';
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CREATE INDEX
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為給定表或視圖創建索引。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index-name
ON [database-name .] table-name ( column-name [, column-name]* )
[ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm ]
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column-name ::=
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name [ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ]
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例子：
CREATE INDEX idx_email ON customers (email);
說明：
為customers表中的email創建一個名為idx_email的欄位。
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結構刪除
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DROP TABLE
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刪除表定義及該表的所有索引。
語法：
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sql-command ::=
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DROP TABLE [database-name.] table-name
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例子：
DROP TABLE customers;
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DROP VIEW
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刪除一個視圖。
語法：
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sql-command ::=
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DROP VIEW view-name
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例子：
DROP VIEW master_view;
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DROP TRIGGER
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刪除一個觸發器。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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DROP TRIGGER [database-name .] trigger-name
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例子：
DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address;
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DROP INDEX
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刪除一個索引。
語法：
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sql-command ::=
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DROP INDEX [database-name .] index-name
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例子：
DROP INDEX idx_email;
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資料操作
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INSERT
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將新行插入到表。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] VALUES(value-list) |
INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] select-statement
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UPDATE
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更新表中的現有資料。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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UPDATE [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name
SET assignment [, assignment]*
[WHERE expr]
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assignment ::=
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column-name = expr
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DELETE
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從表中刪除行。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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DELETE FROM [database-name .] table-name [WHERE expr]
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SELECT
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從表中檢索資料。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] result [FROM table-list]
[WHERE expr]
[GROUP BY expr-list]
[HAVING expr]
[compound-op select]*
[ORDER BY sort-expr-list]
[LIMIT integer [( OFFSET | , ) integer]]
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result ::=
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result-column [, result-column]*
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result-column ::=
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* | table-name . * | expr [ [AS] string ]
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table-list ::=
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table [join-op table join-args]*
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table ::=
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table-name [AS alias] |
( select ) [AS alias]
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join-op ::=
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, | [NATURAL] [LEFT | RIGHT | FULL] [OUTER | INNER | CROSS] JOIN
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join-args ::=
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[ON expr] [USING ( id-list )]
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sort-expr-list ::=
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expr [sort-order] [, expr [sort-order]]*
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sort-order ::=
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[ COLLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ]
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compound_op ::=
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UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT
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REPLACE
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類似INSERT
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] VALUES ( value-list ) |
REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] select-statement
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交易處理
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BEGIN TRANSACTION
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標記一個事務的起始點。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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BEGIN [TRANSACTION [name]]
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END TRANSACTION
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標記一個事務的終止。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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END [TRANSACTION [name]]
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COMMIT TRANSACTION
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標誌一個事務的結束。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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COMMIT [TRANSACTION [name]]
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ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
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將交易復原到事務的起點。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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ROLLBACK [TRANSACTION [name]]
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其他操作
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COPY
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主要用於導入大量的資料。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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COPY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name FROM filename
[ USING DELIMITERS delim ]
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例子：
COPY customers FROM customers.csv;
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EXPLAIN
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語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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EXPLAIN sql-statement
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PRAGMA
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語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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PRAGMA name [= value] |
PRAGMA function(arg)
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VACUUM
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語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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VACUUM [index-or-table-name]
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ATTACH DATABASE
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附加一個資料庫到當前的資料庫連接。
語法：
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sql-statement ::=
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ATTACH [DATABASE] database-filename AS database-name
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DETTACH DATABASE
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從當前的資料庫分離一個使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的資料庫。
語法：
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sql-command ::=
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DETACH [DATABASE] database-name
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